Fracking Review And Ethical Considerations - 898 Words

Fracking: Review and Ethical Considerations By Christopher Jabczynski Conservation of Mass and Energy are the hallmarks of our natural world, and as we progress as a civilization there is an ever increasing need to satisfy our growing demand for energy. This leads to the present need for more innovative solutions that are able to solve the world s energy needs within the confines of the natural laws we live with. The Earth s petrochemical reserves represent a finite amount of available, extractable, energy that mankind is able to harvest. In order to continue meeting the need for our civilization to thrive, or at the least, maintain, itself; we have to continue, as chemical engineers, providing new and novel ways to support the world with ways to implement Mass and Energy transportation. The main issue at hand is that newer, sustainable, energy is needed. Currently, the use of coal and petrochemical reserves for the energy to power the world s way of life is proceeding at a rate that is unacceptable. With the concern for the current way of life at the forefront of the talk about alternative energy methods; there has been a new and seemingly miraculous method to solve many of the present issues with energy. This method is called Fracking (Hydraulic fracking, for the proper term†¦). Fracking is the process that allows natural gas to be extracted from rock deposits deeper within the earth. This process is carried out by injecting a fracking liquid into the earth and thisShow MoreRelatedCase 1 Marquis and Almandoz Can an ethical bank support guns and fracking copy 22297 Words   |  10 PagesEXPERIENCE HBR.ORG Case Study The Experts Christopher Marquis is an associate professor at Harvard Business School. Juan Almandoz is an assistant professor at lESE Business School, in Barcelona. Can an Ethical Bank Support Guns and Frac king? by Christopher Marquis and Juan Almandoz Ken LaRoe, chairman and CEO, First Green Bank A John Replogle, president and CEO, Seventh Generation | B | HBRs fictionalized case studies present B l dilemmas faced by leaders in real companies and offer solutionsRead MoreThe Sustainable Century By Design Or Disaster9705 Words   |  39 Pageselectronic sharing of any part of this book without the permission of Marc de Sousa Shields and or the publisher constitutions unlawful piracy and theft of the author’s intellectual property. If you would like to use material from the book (other than for review purposes), prior written permission must be obtained by contacting the author/publisher at info@esglobal.com. Thank you for supporting the author’s rights and those of all creative spirits! ii Contents Introduction – The Sustainable Century†¦ orRead MoreThe Sustainable Century By Design Or Disaster9705 Words   |  39 Pageselectronic sharing of any part of this book without the permission of Marc de Sousa Shields and or the publisher constitutions unlawful piracy and theft of the author’s intellectual property. If you would like to use material from the book (other than for review purposes), prior written permission must be obtained by contacting the author/publisher at info@esglobal.com. Thank you for supporting the author’s rights and those of all creative spirits! ii Contents Introduction – The Sustainable Century†¦ or

Zara, The Owner Of Zara - 1469 Words

Inditex, the owner of Zara, first started out in the dressmaking and textiles industry before opening the first Zara store in Spain in 1975. Since then, Zara has been extremely successful in the fashion industry throughout the entire world. The first US store opened in New York City in 1989 and Zara has been expanding continuously. The first logistics center for Zara was built in 1984 and encompassed about 10,000 square meters. The founders, Amancio Ortega and Rosalia Mera, prides the company on the idea of fast fashion which incorporates a distribution system that needs to keep up with the continually changing fashion trends. Zara has created a very creative business model and supply chain technique that is often studied but very rarely copied. Zara has a very centralized headquarters in Arteixo, Spain. This allows Zara to have a good grasp on the business processes. They focus on speed and responsiveness by delivering quick and small batches of clothing to stores at precise times. About half of the manufacturing is either done in Spain or a neighboring country, Europe and if it is not manufactured there then it will be shipped to the distribution center before going to a retailer. This allows Zara to have a competitive edge when it comes to their supply chain. Zara does this by being a vertically integrated retailer. unlike similar retailers Zara controls most of its own supply chain, from designing, manufacturing and distributing to its products. Zara offersShow MoreRelatedZara, The Owner Of Zara1497 Words   |  6 PagesInditex, the owner of Zara, first started out in the dressmaking and textiles indu stry before opening the first Zara store in Spain in 1975. The founders, Amancio Ortega and Rosalia Mera, pride themselves on the idea of fast fashion: incorporating a distribution system that keeps up with continually-changing fashion trends. Zara has a very centralized headquarters in Arteixo, Spain. This allows Zara to have a good grasp on the business processes. They focus on speed and responsiveness by deliveringRead MoreZar Fast Fashion : Resource Based View1502 Words   |  7 PagesSTRATEGIC MANAGEMENT â€Å"ZARA: Fast fashion - Resource-Based View† Introduction Resource-Based Theory has been one among the prevailing theories in strategic management (Acedo, Barroso Galan, 2006). As the father of the modern Resource-Based View (RBV), Barney (1991) explored that RBV underlines strategic choice, challenging the organization s management with the essential tasks of identifying and deploying main resources to maximize returns. Correspondingly, Rothaermel (2012:05) defined thatRead MoreZara - Marketing Research1034 Words   |  5 PagesTask 1 zara marketing research Zara is a spanish chain store in Inditex group, one of the worlds biggest retail store in the world who are also owners of zara home. Zara is a fast industry bt its unique business model is based on innovation and flexibilty. they design and distribute a garment to the market in just 15 days. they always have new products but in limited supply. the customer feels there is an exclusitivity , since only a few items are on display even though stores are plannedRead MoreCase Study : Marketing Brand Management Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pagesorganization Introduction of Brand: Zara is one of the most famous brands in the world, is also one of the largest international fashion companies. They is the third largest brands in the garment industry. Zara is a Spanish clothing brand. Zara is part of the Inditex group of Spanish fashion distributors. Inditex is one of the largest fashion retail dealers in the world. It has more than 4780 stores in 77 countries in Europe, America, Asia and Africa. The owner s name is Zara Amancio Ortega. 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The era when production was moved overseas, so businesses can take advantage of low-cost labor is coming to an end, because businesses are not only competing on price but also on time. TheRead MoreZara–Rapid Fire Fulfillment Assessment Essay672 Words   |  3 PagesManagement Zara–Rapid Fire Fulfillment Assessment Bob Goldwasser Introduction â€Å"Do everything possible to let one hand help the other. And whatever you do not take your eyes off the product until it’s sold.† Amancio Ortega This paper will present information on Zara Europes fastest growing apparel retailer who has about 1500 stores in major cities around the globe. This paper will explain why the companys supply chain strategy is successful. It will also explain what advantage Zara has against

A Dirty Job Chapter 10 Free Essays

string(201) " Charlie was fascinated by the creatures from the very deep sea, the big-eyed squid, cuttlefish, the blind sharks that located prey with electromagnetic impulses – creatures who never saw light\." PART TWO SECONDHAND SOULS Do not seek death. Death will find you. But seek the road which makes death a fulfillment. We will write a custom essay sample on A Dirty Job Chapter 10 or any similar topic only for you Order Now – Dag Hammarskjà ¶ld 10 DEATH TAKES A WALK Mornings, Charlie walked. At six, after an early breakfast, he would turn the care of Sophie over to Mrs. Korjev or Mrs. Ling (whoever’s turn it was) for the workday and walk – stroll really, pacing out the city with the sword-cane, which had become part of his daily regalia, wearing soft, black-leather walking shoes and an expensive, secondhand suit that had been retailored at his cleaner’s in Chinatown. Although he pretended to have a purpose, Charlie walked to give himself time to think, to try on the size of being Death, and to look at all the people out and about in the morning. He wondered if the girl at the flower stand, from whom he often bought a carnation for his lapel, had a soul, or would give hers up while he watched her die. He watched the guy in North Beach make cappuccinos with faces and fern leaves drawn in the foam, and wondered if a guy like that could actually function without a soul, or was his soul collecting dust in Charlie’s back ro om? There were a lot of people to see, and a lot of thinking to be done. Being out among the people of the city, when they were just starting to move, greeting the day, making ready, he started to feel not just the responsibility of his new role, but the power, and finally, the specialness. It didn’t matter that he had no idea what he was doing, or that he might have lost the love of his life for it to happen; he had been chosen. And realizing that, one day as he walked down California Street, down Nob Hill into the financial district, where he’d always felt inferior and out of touch with the world, as the brokers and bankers quickstepped around him, barking into their cell phones to Hong Kong or London or New York and never making eye contact, he started to not so much stroll, as strut. That day Charlie Asher climbed onto the California Street cable car for the first time since he was a kid, and hung off the bar, out over the street, holding out the sword-cane as if charging, with Hondas and Mercedes zooming along the street beside him, pas sing under his armpit just inches away. He got off at the end of the line, bought a Wall Street Journal from a machine, then walked to the nearest storm drain, spread out the Journal to protect his trousers against oil stains, then got down on his hands and knees and screamed into the drain grate, â€Å"I have been chosen, so don’t fuck with me!† When he stood up again, a dozen people were standing there, waiting for the light to change. Looking at him. â€Å"Had to be done,† Charlie said, not apologizing, just explaining. The bankers and the brokers, the executive assistants and the human-resource people and the woman on her way to serve up clam chowder in a sourdough bowl at the Boudin Bakery, all nodded, not sure exactly why, except that they worked in the financial district, and they all understood being fucked with, and in their souls if not in their minds, they knew that Charlie had been yelling in the right direction. He folded his paper, tucked it under his arm, then turned and crossed the street with them when the light changed. Sometimes Charlie walked whole blocks when he thought only of Rachel, and would become so engrossed in the memory of her eyes, her smile, her touch, that he ran straight into people. Other times people would bump into him, and not even lift his wallet or say â€Å"excuse me,† which might be a matter of course in New York, but in San Francisco meant that he was close to a soul vessel that needed to be retrieved. He found one, a bronze fireplace poker, set out by the curb with the trash on Russian Hill. Another time, he spotted a glowing vase displayed in the bay window of a Victorian in North Beach. He screwed up his courage and knocked on the door, and when a young woman answered, and came out on the porch to look for her visitor, and was bewildered because she didn’t see anyone there, Charlie slipped past her, grabbed the vase, and was out the side door before she came back in, his heart pounding like a war drum, adrenaline sizzling through his veins like a hormonal ti lt-a-whirl. As he headed back to the shop that particular morning, he realized, with no little sense of irony, that until he became Death, he’d never felt so alive. Every morning, Charlie tried to walk in a different direction. On Mondays he liked to go up into Chinatown just after dawn, when all the deliveries were being made – crates of produce, carrots, lettuce, broccoli, cauliflower, melons, and a dozen varieties of cabbage, tended by Latinos in the Central Valley and consumed by Chinese in Chinatown, having passed through Anglo hands just long enough to extract the nourishing money. On Mondays the fishing companies delivered their fresh catches – usually strong Italian men whose families had been in the business for five generations, handing off their catch to inscrutable Chinese merchants whose ancestors had bought fish from the Italians off horse-drawn wagons a hundred years before. All sorts of live and recently live fish were moved across the sidewalk: snapper and halibut and mackerel, sea bass and ling cod and yellowtail, clawless Pacific lobster, Dungeness crab, ghastly monkfish, with their long saberlike teeth and a sin gle spine that jutted from their head, bracing a luminous lure they used to draw in prey, so deep in the ocean that the sun never shone. Charlie was fascinated by the creatures from the very deep sea, the big-eyed squid, cuttlefish, the blind sharks that located prey with electromagnetic impulses – creatures who never saw light. You read "A Dirty Job Chapter 10" in category "Essay examples" They made him think of what might be facing him from the Underworld, because even as he fell into a rhythm of finding names at his bedside, and soul vessels in all manner of places, and the appearance of the ravens and the shades subsided, he could feel them under the street whenever he passed a storm sewer. Sometimes he could hear them whispering to one another, hushing quickly in the rare moments when the street went quiet. To walk through Chinatown at dawn was to become part of a dangerous dance, because there were no back doors or alleys for loading, and all the wares went across the sidewalk, and although Charlie had enjoyed neither danger nor dancing up till now, he enjoyed playing dance partner to the thousand tiny Chinese grandmothers in black slippers or jelly-colored plastic shoes who scampered from merchant to merchant, squeezing and smelling and thumping, looking for the freshest and the best for their families, twanging orders and questions to the merchants in Mandarin, all the while just a second or a slip away from being run over by sides of beef, great racks of fresh duck, or hand trucks stacked high with crates of live turtles. Charlie was yet to retrieve a soul vessel on one of his Chinatown walks, but he stayed ready, because the swirl of time and motion forecast that one foggy morning someone’s granny was going to get knocked out of her moo shoes. One Monday, just for sport, Charlie grabbed an eggplant that a spectacularly wizened granny was going for, but instead of twisting it out of his hand with some mystic kung fu move as he expected, she looked him in the eye and shook her head – just a jog, barely perceptible really – it might have been a tic, but it was the most eloquent of gestures. Charlie read it as saying: O White Devil, you do not want to purloin that purple fruit, for I have four thousand years of ancestors and civilization on you; my grandparents built the railroads and dug the silver mines, and my parents survived the earthquake, the fire, and a society that outlawed even being Chinese; I am mother to a dozen, grandmother to a hundred, and great-grandmother to a legion; I have birthed babies and washed the dead; I am history and suffering and wisdom; I am a Buddha and a dragon; so get your fucking hand off my eggplant before you lose it. And Charlie let go. And she grinned, just a little. Three teeth. And he wondered if it ever did fall to him to retrieve the soul vessel of one of these crones of Chronos, if he’d even be able to lift it. And he grinned back. And asked for her phone number, which he gave to Ray. â€Å"She seemed nice,† Charlie told him. â€Å"Mature.† Sometimes Charlie’s walks took him through Japantown, where he passed the most enigmatic shop in the city, Invisible Shoe Repair. He really intended to stop in one day, but he was still coming to terms with giant ravens, adversaries from the Underworld, and being a Merchant of Death, and he wasn’t sure he was ready for invisible shoes, let alone invisible shoes that needed repair! He often tried to look past the Japanese characters into the shop window as he passed, but saw nothing, which, of course, didn’t mean a thing. He just wasn’t ready. But there was a pet shop in Japantown (House of Pleasant Fish and Gerbil), where he had originally gone to buy Sophie’s fish, and where he returned to replace the TV attorneys with six TV detectives, who also simultaneously took the big Ambien a week later. Charlie had been distraught to find his baby daughter drooling away in front of a bowl floating more dead detectives than a film noir festival, and after fl ushing all six at once and having to use the plunger to dislodge Magnum and Mannix, he vowed that next time he would find more resilient pals for his little girl. He was coming out of House of PFG one afternoon, with a Habitrail pod containing a pair of sturdy hamsters, when he ran into Lily, who was making her way to a coffeehouse up on Van Ness, where she was planning to meet her friend Abby for some latte-fueled speed brooding. â€Å"Hey, Lily, how are you doing?† Charlie was trying to appear matter-of-fact, but he found that the awkwardness between him and Lily over the last few months was not mitigated by her seeing him on the street carrying a plastic box full of rodents. â€Å"Nice gerbils,† Lily said. She wore a Catholic schoolgirl’s plaid skirt over black tights and Doc Martens, with a tight black PVC bustier that was squishing pale Lily-bits out the top, like a can of biscuit dough that’s been smacked on the edge of the counter. The hair color du jour was fuchsia, over violet eye shadow, which matched her violet, elbow-length lace gloves. She looked up and down the street and, when she didn’t see anyone she knew, fell into step next to Charlie. â€Å"They’re not gerbils, they’re hamsters,† Charlie said. â€Å"Asher, do you have something you’ve been keeping from me?† She tilted her head a little, but didn’t look at him when she asked, just kept her eyes forward, scanning the street for someone who might recognize her walking next to Charlie, thus forcing her to commit seppuku. â€Å"Jeez, Lily, these are for Sophie!† Charlie said. â€Å"Her fish died, so I’m bringing her some new pets. Besides, that whole gerbil thing is an urban myth – â€Å" â€Å"I meant that you’re Death,† Lily said. Charlie nearly dropped his hamsters. â€Å"Huh?† â€Å"It’s so wrong – † Lily continued, walking on after Charlie had stopped in his tracks, so now he had to scurry to catch up to her. â€Å"Just so wrong, that you would be chosen. Of all of life’s many disappointments, I’d have to say that this is the crowning disappointment.† â€Å"You’re sixteen,† Charlie said, still stumbling a little at the matter-of-fact way she was discussing this. â€Å"Oh, throw that in my face, Asher. I’m only sixteen for two more months, then what? In the blink of an eye my beauty becomes but a feast for worms, and I, a forgotten sigh in a sea of nothingness.† â€Å"Your birthday is in two months? Well, we’ll have to get you a nice cake,† Charlie said. â€Å"Don’t change the subject, Asher. I know all about you, and your Death persona.† Charlie stopped again and turned to look at her. This time, she stopped as well. â€Å"Lily, I know I’ve been acting a little strangely since Rachel died, and I’m sorry you got in trouble at school because of me, but it’s just been trying to deal with it all, with the baby, with the business. The stress of it all has – â€Å" â€Å"I have The Great Big Book of Death,† Lily said. She steadied Charlie’s hamsters when he lost his grip. â€Å"I know about the soul vessels, about the dark forces rising if you fuck up, all that stuff – all of it. I’ve known longer than you have, I think.† Charlie didn’t know what to say. He was feeling panic and relief at the same time – panic because Lily knew, but relief because at least someone knew, and believed it, and had actually seen the book. The book! â€Å"Lily, do you still have the book?† â€Å"It’s in the store. I hid it in the back of the glass cabinet where you keep the valuable stuff that no one will ever buy.† â€Å"No one ever looks in that cabinet.† â€Å"No kidding? I thought if you ever found it, I’d say it had always been there.† â€Å"I have to go.† He turned and started walking the other direction, but then realized that they had already been heading toward his neighborhood and turned around again. â€Å"Where are you going?† â€Å"To get some coffee.† â€Å"I’ll walk with you.† â€Å"You will not.† Lily looked around again, wary that someone might see them. â€Å"But, Lily, I’m Death. That should at least have given me some level of cool.† â€Å"Yeah, you’d think, but it turns out that you have managed to suck the cool out of being Death.† â€Å"Wow, that’s harsh.† â€Å"Welcome to my world, Asher.† â€Å"You can’t tell anyone about this, you know that?† â€Å"Like anyone cares what you do with your gerbils.† â€Å"Hamsters! That’s not – â€Å" â€Å"Chill, Asher.† Lily giggled. â€Å"I know what you mean. I’m not going to tell anyone – except Abby knows – but she doesn’t care. She says she’s met some guy who’s her dark lord. She’s in that stage where she thinks a dick is some kind of mystical magic wand.† Charlie adjusted his hamster box uncomfortably. â€Å"Girls go through a stage like that?† Why was he just hearing about this now? Even the hamsters looked uncomfortable. Lily turned on a heel and started up the street. â€Å"I’m not having this conversation with you.† Charlie stood there, watching her go, balancing the hamsters and his completely useless sword-cane while trying to dig his cell phone out of his jacket pocket. He needed to see that book, and he needed to see it sooner than the hour it would take him to get home. â€Å"Lily, wait!† he called. â€Å"I’m calling a cab, I’ll give you a ride.† She waved him off without looking and kept walking. As he was waiting for the cab company to answer, he heard it, the voice, and he realized that he was standing right over a storm drain. It had been over a month since he’d heard them, and he thought maybe they’d gone. â€Å"We’ll have her, too, Meat. She’s ours now.† He felt the fear rise in his throat like bile. He snapped the phone shut and ran after Lily, cane rattling and hamsters bouncing as he went. â€Å"Lily, wait! Wait!† She spun around quickly and her fuchsia wig only did the quarter turn instead of the half, so her face was covered with hair when she said, â€Å"One of those ice-cream cakes from Thirty-one Flavors, okay? After that, despair and nothingness.† â€Å"We’ll put that on the cake,† Charlie said. How to cite A Dirty Job Chapter 10, Essay examples

In order to provide effective guidance for Lisa Essay Example For Students

In order to provide effective guidance for Lisa Essay Helping techniques such as those discussed in Egans (2002) The Skilled Helper and activities suggested by the Unit for Development of Adult and Continuing Education (UDACE), this will enable the practitioner to use appropriate techniques for the areas Lisa requires help with.   Skills that must be in use whilst working with Lisa include, empathy, unconditional positive regard and congruence, these reflect Rogers (1951) Core Conditions for therapy.   The practitioner must also have the skills to access and undertake further research into other areas that they may not have specialist knowledge of. The practitioner needs to be able to not only advocate on the clients behalf, but also empower them and put them at the centre of all work done together. Communication and Interpersonal skills are important to be able to relate theory or advice to the client (Thompson, 2000). The practitioner must have good organisational, analytical and planning skills in order to work with Lisa, uncover her real needs and create an action plan with realistic goals (Connexions, 2001).   The practitioner must be committed to ongoing learning, partnership working and be open to change (Thompson, 2000). They should have the values of professionalism, a positive belief in clients and in the values of the organisation.   The practitioner must ensure they remain objective in their role and not relate clients problems to their own or get too emotionally involved. However, it may be rather difficult to provide a caring, supportive service without becoming very involved and taking on a certain amount of responsibility (Thompson, 2000).   It is important that the practitioner has effective systems of referral available and knows when to refer and who to. With Lisa the practitioner may begin to uncover some deeper emotional problems associated with her fathers death and she should then be offered counselling sessions. 2. Select one of Lisas needs, that you have already identified, and provide examples of how specific skills and characteristics of the guidance practitioner could be used to support Lisa in resolving this need. 3. Discuss the added value of adopting an interagency approach to meeting Lisas needs, with reference to current policy initiatives. REFERENCES Connexions (2001) Diploma for Connexions Personal Advisers. Crown Copyright 2001 DfEE (2000) Introduction to Connexions Reference Guide available through Connexions Egan, G (2002) The Skilled Helper (7th edition) Brooks/Cole: California Heron, J (2001) Helping the Client (5th edition) London: Sage Kolb, D. A (1984) Experiential Learning Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice Hall Thompson, N (2000) Theory and Practice in the Human Services Buckingham: The Open University Press BA (Hons) Human Services- Year 3 March 2004 Advice and Guidance Alison Skellern.

The Awakening ~ Mademoiselle Reisz A Pillar Of Moral Support Essays

The Awakening ~ Mademoiselle Reisz: A Pillar Of Moral Support Although Mademoiselle Reisz seems to be relatively insignificant in The Awakening, she has a profound influence on Edna. Mademoiselle Reisz is one of the only characters in the novel who can understand Edna's true character. Reisz inspires Edna to have a courageous soul that dares and defies (63). Mademoiselle Reisz influences Edna by acting like a sanctuary for her. When Edna feels bored, it would be in such a mood that she would hunt up Mademoiselle Reisz (58). When Edna returns to the city, she is compelled to visit Mademoiselle Reisz. When she visits Mademoiselle Reisz, her boredom is lifted away by Reisz's music and Robert's letters to Reisz. Edna loses herself when Mademoiselle Reisz plays music (64). Mademoiselle Reisz makes Edna feel happy by allowing her to read letters from Robert. Edna's eyes fill with delight when Mademoiselle Reisz shows Edna the letters (80). Seeing how happy Mademoiselle Reisz is as a non-married artist inspires Edna to be more independent and to pursue her desire to paint. This relates back to the meaning of the novel -- a woman's struggle for individuality while still being married. By spending time with Mademoiselle Reisz, Edna realizes that in order to be a separate self she cannot have the burdens of marriage and children (18). Mademoiselle Reisz also motivates Edna's endeavors. Mademoiselle Reisz encourages Edna to be her own individual. One way in which she does this is by defining the requirements for a genuine artist, to be an artist includes much; one must possess the courageous soul, she says (63). Since Edna wishes to become a genuine artist, these words melt into her soul (63). When Reisz says this to Edna, she is not just informing her that an artist is one who paints, but she is also implying that an artist is one who is willing to surpass the borders of society. Although Edna tries to surpass the borders of society, in the end she was not an artist since she took her life because she could not meet the requirements for a genuine artist. She was unable to surpass the borders of society to be her own person. Mademoiselle Reisz advises Edna on love. Reisz tells Edna that Robert loves her: it's because he loves you poor fool (63). She also explains the reasons for Robert's absence. According to Mademoiselle Reisz, Robert is gone since Edna is not free to listen to him or belong to him (63). Mademoiselle Reisz pacifies Edna by talking about Robert and love. Mademoiselle Reisz contributes to the meaning of the novel by being able to recognize Edna's awakening. By influencing Edna to be an artist, Mademoiselle Reisz helps Edna find the strength to be a courageous individual that can dare and defy (116). Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz, Edna cannot find the space and solitude that she needs to be an individual (26). Space and solitude are things that Edna cannot have on land since she is responsible for looking after her husband and children (26). Her family is a burden to her individuality. Edna also realizes that her individuality is more important to her than family. Edna faces her fate, and lifts her white body (115) away to the sea where she can find her space and solitude (26).

Oklahoma Wesleyan University Admissions Overview

Oklahoma Wesleyan University Admissions Overview Oklahoma Wesleyan University Admissions Overview: Oklahoma Wesleyan has an acceptance rate of 73%, which is encouraging for interested studentsthose with solid grades and test scores have a good chance of being admitted. For complete instructions and information on applying, be sure to visit the schools website.  Ã‚   Admissions Data (2016): Oklahoma Wesleyan University Acceptance Rate: 73%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 410 / 510SAT Math: 420 / 590SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 18 / 23ACT English: 16 / 24ACT Math: 17 / 24What these ACT numbers mean Oklahoma Wesleyan University  Description: Although its origins began much earlier, Oklahoma Wesleyan University truly came into existence in 2001after several mergers and re-namings. The school is located in Bartlesville, Oklahoma, which is about an hour north of Tulsa. The city has a population of around 35,000. Students can choose a major from five different schoolsBusiness, Arts and Sciences, Ministry and Christian Thought, Education, or Nursing. Popular majors within these colleges include Nursing, Business Administration/Economics, Psychology, Theological, and Religious Studies, and Exercise Science. Because of its affiliation with the Wesleyan Church, OKWU offers students ample opportunities to join religious clubs, service projects, and attend services throughout the week. Students have the chance to study abroadeither within the country (more off-campus study than abroad) or in different countries. OKWU is highly ranked, for financial aid, value, and teaching quality. On the athletic front, the OKWU Eagles compete in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) within the Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference. Popular sports on campus include basketball, soccer, golf, and track field. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 1,467  (1,192 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 40% Male / 60% Female53% Full-time Costs (2016  - 17): Tuition and Fees: $25,070Books: $900Room and Board: $8,136Other Expenses: $3,890Total Cost: $37,996 Oklahoma Wesleyan University  Financial Aid (2015  - 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 99%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 99%Loans: 82%Average Amount of AidGrants: $11,183Loans: $6,147 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Nursing, Business Marketing, Psychology, Business Economics, Theological Studies, Exercise Science, Biology Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 60%4-Year Graduation Rate: 32%6-Year Graduation Rate: 44% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Basketball, Soccer, Baseball, Track and Field, Cross Country, GolfWomens Sports:  Track and Field, Soccer, Softball, Cross Country, Volleyball, Basketball Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Oklahoma Wesleyan University, You May Also Like These Schools: Oklahoma City UniversitySouthern Nazarene UniversityUniversity of TulsaOklahoma Panhandle State UniversityUniversity of Central OklahomaCameron UniversityLangston UniversityOklahoma State UniversityEast Central UniversityOral Roberts UniversityNortheastern State University   Oklahoma Wesleyan University  Mission Statement: mission statement from their website As an evangelical Christian university of The Wesleyan Church, Oklahoma Wesleyan University models a way of thought, a way of life, and a way of faith. It is a place of serious study, honest questions, and critical engagement, all in the context of a liberal arts community that honors the Primacy of Jesus Christ, the Priority of Scripture, the Pursuit of Truth, and the Practice of Wisdom.

Andy Warhol Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Andy Warhol - Research Paper Example Brief Biographical Profile Andy Warhol has been regarded as a pop artist and cultural icon of the 20th century (The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts). Born on the 6th of August, 1928 in Oakland, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Andy’s full name was actually Andrew Warhola. He was the youngest of three children and was diagnosed of being afflicted with a rare neurological disorder (The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts par. 3). The disorder provided the impetus for Andy’s orientation to DC comic books and the celebrity magazines that proliferate during his time. He pursued a degree in Pictorial Design from the Carnegie Institute of Technology and graduated in 1949 (The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts par. 3). His official website revealed that â€Å"building on the emerging movement of Pop Art, wherein artists used everyday consumer objects as subjects, Warhol started painting readily found, mass-produced objects, drawing on his extensive advertising background† (The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts par. 5). In Open Culture, it was disclosed that Warhol decided to abruptly quit painting and delve into both music and film making. In this regard, the essay aims to describe contents and aesthetics of the Andy Warhol's work, particularly focusing on the controversial â€Å"anti-films†: Sleep, Eat and Kiss, with the ultimate objective of responding to the question :"why it is art?". Sleep As the title depicts, Warhol’s first film, Sleep, shot a man in deep slumber with the shot taken from different views, initially from the foot as the person taking the film with only the face in clear perspective.

Agency Theory and Corporate Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Agency Theory and Corporate Governance - Essay Example This interaction between the shareholders, committee members and the board of directors are help in order to improve the performance of the company. In 1997, Malaysian corporate governance mechanism was strengthened and reformed and resulted in the establishment of the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance (MCCG) in 2000. The impact of this study was unsatisfactory and the failures of almost 176 Malaysian companies persisted from 2004 to 2006 (Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, 125). Corporate Governance also affects the cash flow or cash holdings in companies. Businesses which possess a complex nature should consider the needs and financial requirements of the firms. There are several firms who totally rely upon CEO duality. Studies revealed, that the corporations, who are under the category of independent leadership consistently performed better than the companies dependant upon CEO duality. According to the perspective prediction increment in proxy access and red uction is executive pay results in fair value (Journal of Business Research, 757). The contribution Agency Theory in a Multinational company is vast and definitely value-maximizing. It covers the aspects such as international joint ventures, internationalization, new forms of global business groups and headquarters-subsidiary relationships. Many researches suggested that apart from the prevailing concept of Agency Theory in almost all the corporations we also need to focus and investigate regarding different key corporate governance mechanism. This will help in improving the company strategies and its outcome. The areas that needs to be investigates are the work of board of directors, the nature and the role of governing owner, the role of the market for corporate control, remuneration of the company executives and also the division of the CEOs and board of directors. (The Journal of Management Studies, 471) The corporate world both has honest and fraud people in it. It has been pro ved that the concept of corporate governance can help people who does the right thing but unaware about the right way ahead. The revised code is definitely proved to be a steady step to raise the corporate governance standards and is also the best proposed code till date. The code that was issued in 2005 had potent changes on the remuneration of disclosure of individual and independent directors. This was issued by the Council of corporate disclosure and governance but was rejected by the Ministry of Finance. There were few recommendations and it affected many companies. The proposal was: 50% of the board consisted board members where the CEO and the chairman is the same person; the chairman and the CEO are family relatives; the chairman is not an independent director or owner of the corporation and last but not least, both the chairman and the CEO should be a part of the company (The Business Times by Mak Yuen Teen). Critique and analysis: Insolvency is a very important aspect of L aw or any company and there are many case laws on this particular aspect. Usually, a managed investment or a trust is described as insolvent but under the Corporation Act 2001 (CTH), a person cannot be called insolvent in such cases. The analysis of the viable purposes of this act needs to be performed by the trustee of the company or firm. The director or the owner as well as the creditors face problems when the trustee is insolvent as it leads to lack of guidance. In the Corporation Act 2001, it clearly states that a director of a firm needs to restrict any kind of insolvent trading or business deals by the company. A company is notified as an Insolvent company when it not only

Educational Television Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Educational Television - Essay Example These trends were caused by popularization of new medium and its advantages for common citizens. A great number of innovative educational TV programs were developed in the United States during the late 1960s and early 1970s. The major force behind many of these productions was the Children's TV Workshop (CTW), which combined the talents of educational advisors, professional researchers, and TV producers. The programs made by CTW were carefully crafted pieces of TV which were guided by detailed research among members of target audiences. "The establishment of the Carnegie Commission in 1965 was critical to the survival of ETV" (Educational Television n.d.). During the next decades, educational TV was also broadly funded in the United States, particularly by substantial grants from the Ford Foundation and later by the U.S. Office of Education. Concurrently, regional organizations attempted to promote audience selectivity when they listened to radio, including choosing "better quality" programs from circulated lists, and communicating with radio managers of stations and networks about programs (Children's Educational Television 2006). Education TV is popular because it has a positive impact on learners abilities and knowledge level. Education philosophy variously features deduction by lecture and analysis, or induction from experience and discussion, or a combination of both forms of instruction. Researches prove that how well viewers are able to learn and remember from TV can depend significantly on how the information is presented. Production practices routinely adopted by TV editors, for example, may result in programs which present too much information, too quickly, and with built-in (often visual) distractions. Under these conditions, even interested viewers may flounder. Ultimately, though, whether or not children learn from TV depends on a mixture of factors which relate to viewers' background knowledge and interests, reasons for watching TV, degree of concentration and attention while viewing, and the way that programs are produced (Razel 2001). Some of educational TV productions are broadcast as part of mainstream TV for children, while others have been specially made for schools audiences. An impressive range of schools programs has been produced over many years in the USA, although these have met with a mixed reception from teachers and children. A considerable body of research has revealed that educational TV does have potential to improve children's knowledge about a variety of subjects. Failure to fulfill this potential frequently stems from program-makers' misunderstanding of audience needs, interests and learning abilities. When audience research is used wisely, however, some very effective, as well as popular, productions have resulted. It was found that with educational TV programs that contained more than one theme, recall and comprehension levels again indicated that children can and do learn from such programs. The children correctly recalled 60 per cent and correctly understood 53 per cent of material tested fr om these programs These global figures, however, conceal significant age differences. Older children generally scored much higher than younger children. Age was also highly correlated with general knowledge (Flew, 2002). It is possible that older children have more background knowledge to call upon and better information-processing skills. Indeed,

Food Safety Management Strategies

Food Safety Management Strategies Food Issues Abstract The following essay on food safety will discuss about the importance of food safety and why governments and food standards agency now a days focus on the devastating consequences of food borne illness and diseases. It will deal with food poisoning and its risks. Apart from it the most common types of pathogens (salmonella, e coli, and campylobacter) have been mentioned describing the outbreaks. The main thing is that all the above-mentioned things have been explained here with a focus on the food safety management. Some of the tools such as irradiation and specially HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) to support hospitality management have also occupied some space here with its importance. As a final point, it has been thought to be practical to examine the solution with recommendations for practical adoption for the hospitality industry to deal with the complexity and cost of the above food safety management tools Introduction The world is full of various kinds of problems and it is true that everyday efforts are made to find out solution to these problems and some of them are sorted out too. Among the issues concerned directly with the human survival, which are posing a very big challenge in front of the world, one is the issue of food safety. According to Nestle 2004, food ‘poisonings, causing death, raise alarm not only about the food served in restaurants and fast-food outlets but also about the food bought in supermarkets. Consumers, industries as well governments are together taking food safety as a serious issue. There is a saying â€Å"health is wealth† and any carelessness which may cause food poisoning or any problem like this may lead to a very fatal consequence, so it becomes essential to take necessary food safety measures. To make sure food is safe to eat the Food Standards Agency carries out a range of work, including funding research on chemical, microbiological and radiologica l safety, as well as food hygiene and allergy.. As Griffths 2000 says, the food chain, like any other chain, is only as strong as its weakest link and the responsibility for food safety lies not only with producers and processors of food, but also governments and consumers themselves. Food Poisoning its risks Food is essential to life but if contaminated can cause illness and even death. But fortunately only in a minority of cases the latter happened although there is social and economic consequences associated with the millions of cases of food related illness. The WHO definition embraces all food and waterborne illness regardless of the presenting symptoms and includes â€Å"any disease of an infectious or toxic nature caused by, or thought to be cause by, the consumption of food or water† (Griffith 2006). Food borne disease therefore includes illness caused by various chemical, physical or microbiological hazards, which may be present in food or water. Anything that interferes with the safe foods is a food hazard (Hemminger, 2000) which can be present in the product that can cause harm to the consumer either through illness. Biological hazards include food borne infection which occurs eating something with live germs inside them. On the other hand it also consists of food intoxication occurring when a person eats something with bacteria- produced poisons that wont be killed by heating. The agents causing these food infections are bacteria, toxins, virus, parasites and fungi. Current food trends reveal that more and more frequently today we buy pre-prepared ready-to eat convenience foods, dine out in restaurants and cafà ©s, prefer fresh over frozen products and have a growing demand for foods of animal origin. While this gives us many new choices in the food we eat, this vast selection of foods we expect to be available to us â€Å"now† has possibly created a greater risk of bacterial food poisoning. Germs or bacteria grow in the food themselves when people dont store it properly or handle with care. Even in the fridge, the food may get bacteria. Food poisoning bacteria are often present naturall y in food but usually only in small numbers. However, given the right conditions their numbers can increase extremely quickly, so that 1 single bacteria could multiply to over 16 million in only 6 hours. This is where the food poisoning problem begins. As Eley 1996 says, some food poisoning is of mild level and some is strong level. Accordingly the food affects the human body and causes health problems while sometimes it result to be fatal too. For food poisoning to occur there must be bacteria or their toxin present in the food. Secondly the food must be suitable for organisms growth. There must be right conditions of warmth and moisture for the bacteria to grow while with sufficient tome for bacteria to grow and multiply. Adding above all there must be enough bacteria or their toxin present to cause present to cause illness and the food should be consumed. This is commonly called the food poisoning chain which is diagrammed below. (resources.ccc.govt.nz) Food Poisoning Bacteria Contaminate High Risk Foods . HIGH RISK FOODS Common Pathogens (in the Hospitality Industry) The three principle food poisoning pathogens that are dealt with that might affect the hospitality industries are Salmonella, E-coli and Campylobacter. Salmonella is usually heard of in the catering industry with reference to chicken and eggs. Some pets like birds and turtles also carry this Salmonella. The most appalling thing about it is that it can even go into the lymph tracts, which are known for tracking water and protein to the blood, and the blood itself. Thus it may cause some serious complications too. The main symptoms associated with the disease salmonellasis are fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, cramps, and headache. Time frame lasts for 12-36 hrs normally 4-7 days. The prevention could be to chill food quickly, using pasteurized milk and egg products. Raw and cooked cross-contamination should be avoided and equipment should be sanitized properly. Escherichia coli (E. coli) belong to the host of bacterial germs and is mainly found in beef. However, its dangerous relative, E.Coli 0157 H7, only appeared in the 1970s, perhaps coevolving in Argentina or Chile, two cattle raising countries with a high meat diet. E Coli 0157 is a mutant form which lives in the intestines of some cattle, sheep and goats but is not naturally found in the intestines of man but it can produce toxins which can be very fatal even if ingested in small amounts. It was first recognised as a pathogen in 1982 as a result of outbreak of unusual gastrointestinal illness. The illness was traced to contaminated hamburgers and it was similar to the other outbreaks in Japan and America. Among other known sources of infection are eating of vegetables like sprouts, lettuce, salami,unpasteurized milk and juice, and swimming in or drinking sewage-contaminated water. In September 2006, there was an outbreak of food-borne illness caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria found in uncooked spinach in 26 U.S. states. By October 06, 2006 199 people had been infected, including three people who died and 31 who suffered a type of kidney failure called hemolytic uremic syndrome[3] after eating spinach contaminated with the E. coli O157:H7. A subsequent outbreak, in November-December 2006, was initially attributed to green onions served by two restaurant chains — Taco Bell and Taco Johns — but later was determined to have been caused by prepackaged iceberg lettuce. Overall, at least 276 consumer illnesses and 3 deaths have been attributed to the tainted produce. (en.wikipedia.org) Among the most recent outbreaks of E Coli 0157 in U.K. was in August 2009 which lead to severe illness in a number of visitors to Godstone Farm in Surrey. It was reported by the Health Protection Agency (HPA) that the total number of cases of E Coli O157 linke d to Godstone Farm in Surrey is 86 ( www.ecoli-uk.com). Campylobacter bacteria differ from E.Coli and Salmonella as it is a food-borne pathogen, as opposed to a food poisoning pathogen and is transmitted by food. In contrast with food poisoning bacteria it does not develop and multiply in food. However only a few bacteria are required to cause illness, with the food acting as the vehicle of transmission. This bacteria is found on poultry, cattle, and sheep can contaminate meat and milk of these animals. Symptoms occur are severe vomiting, diarrhoea, cramps and prostration. Time frame is usually 2-4hrs and lasts for 2-3 days. This can be prevented by keeping hot food and cold food cold while washing hands properly. Appendix A provides the various causes and symptoms of the pathogens that can impact on the hospitality industry. FOOD SAFETY MANAGEMENT TOOLS Food Irradiation its costs Food irradiation is a processing technique that exposes food to electron beams, X-rays or gamma rays, and produces a similar effect to pasteurization, cooking or other forms of heat treatment, but with less effect on look and texture (www.food.gov.uk). It is used to kill bacteria listed above like Salmonella, Ecoli, and campylobacter. Irradiation stops vegetables such as onions and potatoes from sprouting and also delays fruit ripening. Generally beams of radiation are passed into food transferring energy which kills the bacteria. It can prevent the division of microorganisms which cause food spoilage, such as bacteria and moulds, by changing their molecular structure. Any food process will add cost which In most cases just dont rise just because a product has been treated. Many variables affect it ,one of them is the cost of processing. Irradiation costs range from US $10 to $15 per tonne for a low-dose application (for example, to inhibit the growth of sprouts in potatoes and onions) to US $100 to $250 per tonne for a high-dose application. The cost to build a commercial cobalt-60 food irradiation plant is in the range of US $3 million to $5 million, depending on its size, processing capacity, and other factors but this is within the range of plant cost for other technologies (www.iaea.org). Often the capital costs of irradiation equipment are seen as too expensive, even though low operating costs for most products make per unit costs very competitive with other treatments. Commercial contract multipurpose irradiators work in many countries offering irradiation services at reasonable cost. Since irradiation gives the added economic benefit of lon g-lasting fresh market life for many foods, decreased waste and increased market potential of the food should be considered in a cost-benefit analysis. Implementation of HACCP its costs HACCP is a systematic approach to be used in food production as a means to assure food safety (Corlett Pierson 1992). (Appendix B provides the seven principles). But according to Mayes Martimore, 2005 â€Å"absolute safety is absolutely unattainable, but effective HACCP implementation is the surest way of delivering safe food†. If implemented properly (Appendix C), there are benefits in the area of product quality which is primarily due to the increased awareness of hazards in general and people participation from all areas of operation. While on the other hand if HACCP is not properly applied then it may not result in an effective control system. This may be due to improperly trained or untrained personnel not following the principles correctly or it may be through lack of maintenance of the HACCP system. HACCP is carried out by people. If the people are not properly experienced and trained then the resulting HACCP system is likely to be ineffective and unsound (Mortimore Wallace 1998). Small and Medium sized enterprise (SMEs) rarely have the skills, knowledge or resources needed to develop and implement a HACCP programme. This is where the use of internal or external expert consultants can be a good way of getting started. But it is also debated that the SMEs might lack the internal resources to organize the training themselves and the financial resources to use an external training provider. Naturally the larger the company the smaller the percentage and so it makes it more difficult and costly for small businesses to implement HACCP which will need the services of external consultants as they can not afford full time staff. Another major issue related to the implementation of HACCP is its costs which come from staff training, investing in new equipment, external consultancy service, structural changes to buildings and employing new staffs. Not only has the cost of HACCP for hospitality industry depended on the requirements of the system but also on the improvement of the current status of the food safety-related practices in the company. It is better to acknowledge that there will be an investment in order to reap the benefits of HACCP. How much will depend on its available resources within the organization and what training is needed. However accurate estimation of benefits and costs prior to implementation is difficult and should be based on actual experience. Conclusion To sum up it is seen that food borne illness is always at a high in some countries. Whilst it is difficult to predict events, strategies and research in the future are likely to recognise not only the importance of food safety management systems, but the role of individuals, working with their peers and superiors, within a business food safety culture. It is understood that this actively involves the businesses and managers themselves and they must consider the active and unconscious food safety messages they communicate to their employees. Failure to do so might result in high volume of food borne illness in some day among ourselves. Recommendations for Hospitality Industry The following recommendations were being suggested that can be applied to the hospitality industry. * Hospitality Industries must follow the four basic steps to reduce food borne diseases Clean: Washing hands and surfaces often Separate: Dont cross- contaminate Cook: Cooking to proper temperature Chill: Refrigerating properly * Realistic guidance should be provided to the caterers to identify the hazards present and deal with the complexity of HACCP. It must reflect the working conditions of hospitality operations and be produced by professional caterers with operational experience. It must deal with all the possible hazards involved in producing food for immediate consumption, from the source to the customers plate. * Effective training should be given to the senior management, the HACCP team and team leader and other production staff which will develop awareness and motivation as well as provide technical and practical knowledge. It should not be an classroom activity but an ongoing programme in the workplace. * To deal with the complexity of HACCP, proper documentation should be made of the hazards together with the critical control points in order to make it safe, which in turn will allow chefs to see HACCP as useful and easy to apply. * A base line audit of training requirements, researching the available resources and then drafting a casted training plan can be made. From the total of these costs and a comparison with the annual sales of food and beverage a percentage will be found that is what is the percentage of food and beverage sales which needs to be spent on a HACCP system. Based on the above percentage managers could implement a strategy for menu pricing to cover up the cost. * Finally developing and distributing clear guidelines to the food service mangers in the event of a suspected food borne illness outbreak will improve food safety within the hospitality industry. Bibliography Corlett, Jr. A. D and Pierson, D. M. (1992). Haccp: Principles and applications. Chapman Hall: London. Eley, A. R. (1996), Microbial food poisoning, 2nd edition, Chapman Hall, London, pp. 200 Griffiths, O. A. (2001). Haccp works: Integrated Food Safety Management for Food Business. Highfield publication: Doncaster. Hemminger, M. J. (2000). Food Safety: A guide to what you really need to know. Blackweel publishing:U.S. Mayes, T. and Mortimore, S. (2001), Making the most of HACCP: Learning from others experience, Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge. Nestle, M. (2003) Safe Food:bacteria, biotechnology and bioterroisism. University of California press: London. Wallace, C. and Mortimore, S. (1994). Haccp: a pratical approach. Chapman Hall: London. Griffith, J. C. (2006). Food Safety:where from and where to? British Food Journal 108 (1),pp 6-15. Available at http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/0701080101.pdf (Accessed: 18th Nov 2009) Food Irradiation . Retrieved from http://www.food.gov.uk/safereating/rad_in_food/irradfoodqa/ at 10 pm on 20th Nov,2009 Food Irradiation .Retieved from www.iaea.org/nafa/d5/public/foodirradiation.pdf at 11pm on 19th Nov,2009 E Coli. Retrieved from http://www.ecoli-uk.com/news.php at 8pm on 15th Nov,2009 E Coli Outbreaks. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_North_American_E._coli_outbreak on 15th Nov, 2009 Food Poisoning. Retrieved from resources.ccc.govt.nz/files/FoodPoisoning-healthsafety.pdf on 11th Nov,2009 Food Borne Illness. Retrieved from http://www.fightbac.org/content/view/11/18/ on 9th Nov,2009

The Problem with Being Gay Essay -- Personal Narratives Homosexuality

The Problem with Being Gay About a year ago one of my best friends and I bought some glow-in-the-dark stars to paste on my ceiling. After about four hours of neck-straining work, we shut off all the lights in my room, closed the door, jumped onto my bed and looked up to admire the green glowing wonders above us. After a few minutes of quiet talking, my friend said something that totally blew me away. It might have been that he was tired from the day's work, or maybe a little light-headed from all the dust and stucco we inhaled while placing those stars on my ceiling. Or maybe it was the darkness that made him feel as if he had some kind of security. But something about the situation made him say one of the most serious things he ever said to me. He turned to me, almost touching my face, and whispered in my ear, "I think I am homosexual." I responded almost immediately "Are you sure?" And we talked and cried that night for three hours, he about how his life would be totally ruined and all his hopes and dreams crushed if he really was gay, and I about how it was probably just a phase he was going through. So I decided to see what happened; to let time run its course and see what results it brought. And although the subject did come up a couple more times throughout our senior year, we never discussed it with as much seriousness as that night. I admit that at that time I was still controlled by the immaturity and superficiality of the high school years and was not as accepting of my friend's revelation as I could have been; as a good friend should have been. Conformity to the adolescent laws of popularity was a must, and it prevented me as well as him from being absolutely clear and aware of our feeling... ...-in-the-dark stars?" I said, "yeah†¦" and he said, "I AM, I'M GAY." As this huge burden was lifted off his shoulders, as his secret became mine, I felt a strange mixture of emotions run through me. I was speechless. I didn't know what to say. So I cried because I was both happy and sad. I know he was smiling when he told me that, but I soon realized that it was my fault that he never told anyone. He had held it in for an entire year because of my initial reaction and firm belief that it was just a phase. I figure that was my way of avoiding the subject at the time, but now I know that I am okay with my friend's sexuality because of my own feelings. And I am happy for him. But I still cry because I know that, in reality, his discovery and its social complications have changed the path of his lifelong hopes and aspirations, and that there is a rough road ahead of him.

Passing: Black People and Hold Clare Essay

The novel â€Å"Passing† was written in 1929 and become one of the most famous novels of Nella Larsen. Like other novels which were also written about â€Å"passing†, â€Å"Passing† of Nella Larsen reflects the tough life of African-American in the 19th century, when they were struggling with racism to have the equal rights. Clare Kendry and Irene Redfield in â€Å"Passing† both were born Negroes but with light skin so that they could be â€Å"passing†. However, these two women have different choices in their life, which lead to the tragedy when they meet each other after twelve years. The novel ends with Clare’s death without revealing to the readers who kills her, which encourages the readers to think of the uncertain end of â€Å"Passing† by logically interpreting evidence throughout of the novel. By that way, Nella Larsen might want her readers to be open-minded to understand how people become the victim of inequality and social restriction in term of race and gender. Ending her novel in uncertainty, Nella Larsen makes her readers curious about who is responsible for Clare’s death. The two possible things might happen are whether Clare commits suicide or Irene pushes her out of the window. Clare has her reasons to commit suicide since her husband finds out that she was born a Negro. For him, all Negroes are â€Å"black scrimy devils† and â€Å"always robbing and killing people† (70). These prejudices exist not only in Jack’s mind but also among many white people. These cruel prejudices and discrimination had threatened Clare’s marriage for a long time before her death. Clare might be always ready for the day that the truth about her race would take everything from her. When Irene asked her whether she thought of how she could do if her husband finds out about her race, she just said yes with a smile. And at the moment Clare stands near the window, â€Å"she seemed unaware of danger or uncaring. There was even a faint smile on her full, red lips, and in her shining eyes† (209). When Clare takes a risk by joining the Negroes community, she might prepare for that day, for her death. However, there are also evidences for the possibility that Irene kills Clare. First, she has the motivation. In Irene’s mind, Clare is one who â€Å"not only that she wanted to have her cake and eat it too, but that she wanted to nibble at the cakes of other folk as well† (88). Before seeing Clare, Irene’s life keeps going on under her control: a family with a doctor husband and two kids, living in Negroes community†¦ But Clare comes and raises the fear inside Irene that Clare and Brian, Irene’s husband, might have an affair. Although Irene doesn’t have any clear proofs for what she suspect, but she can feel it through the changing in attitude of Brian: â€Å"For a minute, Irene hesitated, then turned her head, though she knew what it was the held Hugh’s gaze. Clare, who had suddenly clouded all her days. Brian, the father of Ted and Junior†¦then she saw him smile, and the smile made his face all eager, and shining. †(169-170). Secondly, the readers can realize how the presence of Clare makes Irene suffers: â€Å"It hurt. It hurt like hell†¦She was very tired of Clare Kendry. She wanted to be free of her. †(174-179). The readers also has reason to suspect Irene since she already think of how to get rid of Clare before Clare’s death: â€Å"If Clare should die†¦To think, yes, to wish that†¦the thought stayed with her. She could not get rid of it†(187). In the party, before Clare falls out from the window, Irene is the one who open it despite of the cold outside. The image of Irene â€Å"watching the tiny spark drop slowly to the white ground† makes the readers relates to the falling down of Clare after that (207). At the moment that Clare stands at the window, Irene â€Å"laid a hand on Clare’s bare arm. One thought possessed her. She couldn’t have Clare Kendry cast aside by Bellew. She couldn’t have her free†(209). And watching Clare falls out from the window, â€Å"Irene wasn’t sorry. She was amazed†(210). Irene’s thought and attitude towards Clare at the moment she falls out from the window proved that Irene, whether responsible for Clare’s death or not, wants Clare to die. Therefore, the readers can suspect that Irene is the one who push Clare out of the window, leading to Clare’s death. Despite of many clues support for the possibility that Irene kills Clare, the author doesn’t want an obvious end for her novel. She keeps questioning her readers about how much they could trust what they see. Throughout the novel, Nella Larsen expresses her attitude in ridicule of white people’s blindness when they discriminate black people without knowing who they really are. Jack, a racist, marries a Negro woman because he believes in what he sees. Many people witness Clare’s death but nobody could be sure about what they saw. They even suspect Jack since he is the only white people there. By ending the novel in uncertainty, Nella Larsen questions her readers about how they interpret and understand who or what pushes people to death. If there is no racism, Clare would not commit suicide, and Jack wouldn’t be suspected just because he is white. Therefore, the most suspicious person would be Irene. If Irene doesn’t have any pressure about keeping her life as it must be according to social norms, she wouldn’t have motivation to kill Clare since she doesn’t love Brian: â€Å"She couldn’t now be sure that she had ever truly known love. Not even for Brian†¦ she still intended to hold fast to the outer shell of her marriage, to keep her life fixed, certain† (201). The image of Irene put her hand on Clare’s bare arms before Clare falling out of the window symbolize for the struggling inside Irene. Irene plays the role of one who could help Clare come back to her community, but she also puts Clare in risk by not telling Clare about Jack seeing Irene with a black woman. Before Clare died, Irene must be the one hold Clare back, but she is also suspicious for killing Irene. The truth isn’t always revealed in what we see, but also in how we interpret what we know about it, which depends much on our attitude toward it. Nella Larsen let her readers have their own way to think of this uncertain end in order to question their beliefs and their values. This uncertain end of â€Å"Passing† also like the uncertainty of people’s life under various pressures comes from social restriction such as race and gender. Clare’s death symbolize for people as the victim of inequality and social restriction.

Free Essays on White Privilege

Cultural Anthropology White Privilege†¦ I Don’t Think So! Mr. Colin Powell Chief of Staff Black Male Ms. Condoleeza Rice National Security Advisor Black Female Mr. David Satcher Surgeon General Black Male Ms. Antonia Novello ex. Surgeon General Hispanic Female Mr. Thurgood Marshall Supreme Court Justice Black Male - deceased Mr. Clarence Thomas Supreme Court Justice Black Male Ms. Sandra Day O’Connor Supreme Court Justice White Female Ms. Ruth Bader Ginsburg Supreme Court Justice White Female Mr. R.J. Reynolds CEO Top Fortune 500 Co. Black Male- deceased Mr. Andrew Young U.S. Ambassador to U.N. Black Male America, being initially a British colony, will of coarse have a â€Å"white† history. In the days of slavery, the term â€Å"white privilege†, I am sure, had a true basis in everyday life. But can the term â€Å"white privilege† or even â€Å"male privilege† be used today to describe social subconscious thought? Perhaps it is my â€Å"white male denial syndrome† but I don’t think so. In an essay entitled â€Å"White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack†, Peggy McIntosh goes on to list many items in her argument of white privilege. The root of her premise is that being a white person elicits subconscious advantages in society. Also, the white segment of society, especially the male portion, subconsciously oppresses all others. In my opinion it is people like this, with lists like hers, that continue the racial and gender divide. They need help. In her essay, McIntosh lists 26 examples of white privilege. I am sure she has more but I will choose a few from her list to examine. I will start with an easy one†¦ 9. I can go into a music shop and count on finding the music of my race represented, into a supermarket and find the staple foods that fit with my cultural traditions, into a hairdresser’s shop and find someone who can cut my hair. In my experience, music shop shelves are buri... Free Essays on White Privilege Free Essays on White Privilege Cultural Anthropology White Privilege†¦ I Don’t Think So! Mr. Colin Powell Chief of Staff Black Male Ms. Condoleeza Rice National Security Advisor Black Female Mr. David Satcher Surgeon General Black Male Ms. Antonia Novello ex. Surgeon General Hispanic Female Mr. Thurgood Marshall Supreme Court Justice Black Male - deceased Mr. Clarence Thomas Supreme Court Justice Black Male Ms. Sandra Day O’Connor Supreme Court Justice White Female Ms. Ruth Bader Ginsburg Supreme Court Justice White Female Mr. R.J. Reynolds CEO Top Fortune 500 Co. Black Male- deceased Mr. Andrew Young U.S. Ambassador to U.N. Black Male America, being initially a British colony, will of coarse have a â€Å"white† history. In the days of slavery, the term â€Å"white privilege†, I am sure, had a true basis in everyday life. But can the term â€Å"white privilege† or even â€Å"male privilege† be used today to describe social subconscious thought? Perhaps it is my â€Å"white male denial syndrome† but I don’t think so. In an essay entitled â€Å"White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack†, Peggy McIntosh goes on to list many items in her argument of white privilege. The root of her premise is that being a white person elicits subconscious advantages in society. Also, the white segment of society, especially the male portion, subconsciously oppresses all others. In my opinion it is people like this, with lists like hers, that continue the racial and gender divide. They need help. In her essay, McIntosh lists 26 examples of white privilege. I am sure she has more but I will choose a few from her list to examine. I will start with an easy one†¦ 9. I can go into a music shop and count on finding the music of my race represented, into a supermarket and find the staple foods that fit with my cultural traditions, into a hairdresser’s shop and find someone who can cut my hair. In my experience, music shop shelves are buri...

Technology in the Industrial Revolution essays

Technology in the Industrial Revolution essays A new way of life was taking shape for the American people during the new industrial revolution. Transformations of all ways of life were in motion at a rapid pace. With the completion of the transcontinental railroad came dramatic changes to the cattle and mining industries. Cities were being redesigned and immigrant workers along with middle class workers struggled to compete against advanced technology. Family structures and the role of women were re-shaped as technological inventions exploded. As we explore this period of time in our country we see that technology advancements re defined almost every area of American life. Without the transcontinental railroads completion in 1869 much of the changes America experienced would not have happened. The railroad linked the east to the west, it gave companies in the east a chance to move their products westward in less time, at a much cheaper cost, and changed how the businesses operated. One example of this is with the invention of the refrigerated rail car by Jonas Wilder. It allowed the Chicago stockyards to ship dressed beef all over the country and changed their method of doing business which was previously to send the beef dried. George Pullman also encouraged the migration westward by providing comfort for travelers with his invention of the railroad sleeping car. It provided spacious accommodations, luxurious travel complete with exceptional food and first class service, and encouraged the middle class to travel in style. Another inventor who benefited from the railroad system was Cyrus McCormick. He designed a horse drawn mechanical reaper that c ut the grain to one side of the unit. His factory was located in Chicago where access to raw materials through the water ways was plentiful. The railroad allowed his company to be located in the place most beneficial to the production of the reaper while also distributing his invention to distant places. The railroad also gave ...

Evaluatin of Feasibility of Financial Stability in Increasingly Essay

Evaluatin of Feasibility of Financial Stability in Increasingly Globalized Economy - Essay Example There comes a question whether the current increasing trend of globalization is leading the countries towards financial stability or not, is yet to explore. This article critically discusses the question whether increasing globalization directs the financial stability in detail with both arguments in favor as well as against of this question. This article is structured in such a manner that it is divided into four major parts such that the first section emphasizes on the concept of globalization followed by second section which describes phenomenon of financial stability. Third section of this article provides arguments in favor of the statement that increasing globalization assists in gaining more financial stability followed by the last section which provides opposite arguments in contradiction of that statement. Conclusion will lead to an end of this discussion. Globalization The term globalization has different meanings and different interpretations but over here its meaning is t aken as the phenomenon due to which the individuals have come closer to each other beyond their geographical boundaries. Today, if any individual whether a person or a country wants to develop some sort of relationship with other individual, that decision is not even in his/her capacity such that all other individuals have joined hands and became a unit. So in case, if an individual tries to be isolated and independent from other individuals, this possibility has become quite rare. If this concept of globalization is viewed on a broader level in terms of the international relations developed among different countries of the world, an important trend can be noticed such that more frequent changes have emerged as the nations are shaking hands with each other despite of even having the worst historical experiences. The current trend which is highly adopted by the countries as well as leading towards an increasingly globalized society is the unification of different sorts of block on di fferent basis (Greenidge, 2008). These blocks are developed due to some mutual interests of the countries such that different backgrounds set the stage for the countries to develop such blocks. For instance, oil producing countries have developed their own block and decide as per their own preferences about the production and supply of oil. Similarly, some countries establish a block for their mutual economic interest like the case of European Union. There are blocks which are developed due to mutual defence related interests for the security of those countries. So in a nutshell, the most important reason behind current movement of emergence of globalization is the increasing pattern of building up various kinds of blocks based on the mutual interests of the participant countries (Greenidge, 2008). Financial Stability The concept of financial stability refers to the financial environment whether on an individual level of a country or on global basis such that the participants of tha t environment feel confident regarding the value of their economic and financial resources (Rahn, 2010). Basically, it is the confidence level of the people or countries that bring financial stability into that particular region. If the people or institutions are

Will the Oil Crisis happen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Will the Oil Crisis happen - Essay Example As Daniel Yergen concisely states, "We're not running out of oil. Not yet." He qualifies this statement by stating, "Right now the oil market is tight, even tighter than it was on the eve of the 1973 oil crisis." He even states that, "in this high-risk market, 'surprises' ranging from political instability to hurricanes could send oil prices spiking higher," but he - like many other scholars - does not foresee an actual supply shortage in the near future. He notes that the public at large has heard the rumor that rising gas prices are an indication "that the world is going to begin running out of oil in five or 10 years," and many people believe this falsehood to be true. However, the reality of the situation is just not that simple. The ever-changing prices of fuel might be an indicator of a fluctuation in the market, but many experts agree that price instability is not a reflection of a dwindling oil supply. Yergen states that new field research conducted by Peter Jackson and Robert Esser actually indicates quite the opposite is true. He states that Jackson and Esser have actually forecast "a large, unprecedented buildup of oil supply in the next few years." Their figures estimate that "between 2004 and 2010, capacity to produce oil could grow by 16 million barrels a day -- from 85 million barrels per day to 101 million barrels a day -- a 20 percent increase." Although fuel consumption is a never-ending fact of our society, modern technology is making it possible for the world's oil suppliers to use much more efficient techniques for finding new reserves and exploiting the ones we already have. As Deming states, "With every passing year it becomes possible to exploit oil resources that could not have been recovered with old technologies." Much of the optimism in Leonardo Maugeri's The Age of Oil is founded in such technological hope. He writes, "It is probably true that our planet does not hide many more gigantic, yet-to-be-discovered deposits of conventional oil. But the discovery trends we are witnessing today can make this irrelevant" (220). He believes that "unconventional sources such as gas liquids, ultra-deep offshore deposits, ultra-heavy oils, shale oils, and tar sands" hold some hope for future development. Scientists are currently researching ways to put these resources to use. Since high gas prices allow companies to have more capital for scientific advancement and research, his hope of nontraditional fuel sources may likely become a reality. He also states that the Persian Gulf and Russian Federation "have huge potential for new reserves additions" if they can overcome "outmoded technologies and poor management" (221). Ultimately, when fuel companies need this oil, the market will likely force them to find a way to make the right technologies available to these regions. For example, the largest oilfield in Kuwait is still using equipment from the 1940's and 1950's to extract its oil (224). Surely, modern technology will be able to help this field and many others as the quest for oil intensifies. Yergin predicts that "the share of 'unconventional oil' - Canadian oil sands, ultra-deep-water developments, 'natural gas liquids' - will rise from 10 percent of total capacity in 1990 to 30 percent by

Patterns of Subsistence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Patterns of Subsistence - Essay Example g, collecting or hunting for food, pastoralists acquire food from domesticated animals, horticulture is the method of plant cultivation which is non-industrial, agriculture is the production of food on a certain location for a long period of time, and industrialism is for societies that are not involved in processes of food production. Foraging is the oldest of all the human subsistence patterns. It dates back to 10,000 years ago when all the human societies depended upon hunting wild animals and searching for wild plants to survive upon. Till the 20th century, this had been a pattern of subsistence in some societies especially in areas such as tropical forests and deserts which were environmentally marginal areas. Foragers always depend on the environment for their resources. They don’t plant or domesticate animals and depend on their own manpower to carry out their subsistence tasks. The labor is done by families or friends in small groups. These societies don’t have an occupational choice and it is definite that the man would be the animal hunter and the woman would be the gatherer of plants (Prins, 2010). Pastoralism is a pattern of subsistence where people domesticate large herds of animals to make their living. Pastoralists would tend to domesticate different species and types of animals according to the region in which they are living. Most of these animals are herbivores that eat grasses. Horses are common specie for pastoralists in Central Asia while in East Africa, cattle is the common specie. In southwest Asia the animals are sheep and goats and in lowland areas of East Africa and Southwest Asia, camels are the common specie (Prins, 2010). Pastoralists usually depend upon the temperatures and conditions of the atmosphere according to which they change their system. Horticulture is the pattern of subsistence where low intensity and small scale farming takes place. This strategy involves planting and domesticating small animals that are raised for

The National School Lunch Program Essay Example for Free

The National School Lunch Program Essay The National School Lunch Program is a meal and nutritional program funded by the United States government, for the benefit of children in school all over the country. The program provides balanced and nutritious foods prepared and sold for reasonable amount money or given free to children in public and private schools, and other institutions of childcare. The eligibility of children that are included in the program is dependent on the average income of the household and capacity to sustain the dietary and nutritional needs of their children. The program is managed both in the federal and state level of the country, where the federal level is handled by the staff of the Food and Nutrition Service, and on the other hand, the state level is handled by the educational agencies and organizations of the state. The preparation of food and its contents are based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. It must also provide minerals and vitamins guided by the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). In addition to this, the staff of educational institutions is also trained to prepare for high-quality balanced and nutritional meals for the children. The U. S Department of Agriculture (USDA) supports the program by giving out cash subsidies and donations of supplies and merchandises to participating educational institutions, as long as they follow the guidelines for the balanced and nutritional needs of children. (USDA, 2007a) The USDA usually gives cash subsidies to educational institutions for the program and spends the following amount of money for each meal: $3. 15 for a free lunch and snack, $2. 41 for reduced prices of a lunch and snack, and $0. 9 for a paid lunch and snack. (USDA, 2007a) The amount of reimbursements given to each educational institution varies every year based on the changes and adjustments guided by the increase or decrease rates of the Consumer Price Index provided by the Bureau Labor of Statistics. (USDA, 2007b) Aside from the cash reimbursements, educational institutions also receive goods and food merchandises amounting to 16. 75 cents per meal. In 2006 alone, the total sum of money spent for the program amounted to $8. 2 billion. (USDA, 2007a) The National Lunch Program harbors effects to the well-being of children and the behavior and attitude of the family towards it. A recent study revealed that there is little or no effect generated from the implementation of the program such that children do not actually need to follow the program because they are already receiving balanced and nutritional meals outside the premises of the educational institution. In addition to this, the family members might not be motivated to prepare additional meals for their children because they know the educational institution is providing this for them. The program serves as a replacement for the food they are preparing for the children, and because of this, the family members will not look for other alternatives to suffice for the nutritional needs of their children. (Dunifon Kowaleski-Jones, 2004) According to the program assessment conducted by the U. S. Government, the program was rated as â€Å"moderately effective. † Owing to the fact that the program was able to reduce the calorie and fat content of food prepared in educational institutions for children by five percent. In addition to this, the target population of children to whom the budget of the program, has also increased. This means that more children have been provided balanced and nutritional meals from the program despite the set target number of children. Moreover, the government has also plans of improving the program by implementing a method of monitoring and updating the nutritional content of the foods prepared. Aside from this, the issue about equity in terms of financial matters will also be addressed, as the government is working to provide an accurate and dependable estimate of payments or expenses starting this year. (ExpectMore, 2007)

The Use Of Abbreviations In Articles

The Use Of Abbreviations In Articles The purpose of this research is to investigate what abbreviation means, what types of abbreviations appear and to state how their full forms differ in various language categories. To accomplish this goal theoretical research and analysis of political articles were done. The result of the research showed that abbreviation means reduction and there are four types of abbreviations. The meaning of reductions depend on the context and language category where it is used. Kay words: abbreviation, type, full form. Introduction Articles, journals, newspapers and all other sources of written mass media is one of the most popular ways of getting information about the current events. The text in articles is specific; it requires a concrete style of writing, includes a number of stylistic devices, abbreviations, grammatical patterns such as direct speech or free direct speech, idioms and others. All these devices are one of the branches of Lexicology (Linguistics). While dealing with stylistic devices or grammatical patterns they are more or less understandable for the reader. Though, when dealing with abbreviations not all the cases are easy to understand at once. Abbreviations can be used in different ways mostly for shortening long forms of the word or group of words. However, abbreviations can appear in the text as fixed proper or personal names of some organizations, or for members of some particular organizations. Abbreviations can follow the rules of their creation, although, the meaning of one and the s ame abbreviation can differ, depending on the language category where it is used. Thus, following the theme of the current course which is based on the politics and law the research examples are chiefly taken from political articles. The goal of the research is to investigate the use of abbreviations in political and governmental articles. The enabling objectives were collected to achieve the researchs goal: To analyze articles/newspapers; To study theory; To define what an abbreviation means; State the types of abbreviations; To find out the most common abbreviations used in political articles; To provide the examples from the articles, full forms and meanings of the used abbreviations. The research is based on a personal hypothesis, which states: the abbreviation is a wide-spread branch of Lexicology (Linguistics) that is highly used in newspaper style and articles. The methods of the research: Theoretical (the study and analysis of the term abbreviations, their types); Practical (the analysis of political articles, the analysis of the examples). Short outline of chapters: The first chapter: the chapter of definitions and theory. The second chapter: the chapter provides researched examples of abbreviations, their full forms and meanings. Review of the Literature: A great number of theoretical materials were touched upon. Therefore the author included a lot of useful dictionaries. All the theoretical parts were taken from the Linguistics Discourse. Most of the definitions were taken from Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary. In additions, a number of On-line dictionaries were reflected in the research. ABBREVIATIONS What is an Abbreviation Looking to abbreviation as a branch of Linguistics, the definition will be as follows: Abbreviation is a shortening of a word or phrase to be used to report the full form (World English Dictionary. 2009). To put such definition into one word it is possible to define the abbreviation as a reduction. However, returning back to definitions, the common explanation for the term as abbreviation, which can be found in any useful dictionary, looks like this: Abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or phrase (Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary. 2005). To put it shorter abbreviation is a reduced form. Types of Abbreviations Abbreviations as such are divided into several groups or types. According to the studies of Linguistics, there are four main kinds of abbreviations: Shortenings Contractions Initialisms Acronyms The first type is called Shortenings. Shortenings of the words or phrases usually consist of the first few letters of the full forms are spelt with capital letters (World English Dictionary. 2009). For example, MP (Members of the Parliament); FCO (First Commonwealth Fund, Inc); OMG (Operation Market-Garden); CEO (Chief Executive Officer); etc. The second type of abbreviations is Contractions. Contractions are abbreviated forms in which letters from the middle of the full form have been omitted (World English Dictionary. 2009). In other words, contractions are clippings or cuttings. For example, Dr = doctor; St = Saint/Street; Zoo = Zoological garden; taxi = taxicab; etc. The next type of abbreviations is called Initialisms or semi-shortenings. Initialisms are made up of the initial letters of the words and are pronounced as separate letters (World English Dictionary. 2009). For example, SIR or S.I.R. (Self Insured Retention). In addition, to this particular type of abbreviations are related world know reduced forms such as etc or (etc.) which means et cetera in a full form, p or pp, which stands for page or pages in a full form interpretation. Initailisms as previous ones can be found not only in articles, but in any kind of literature. Finally, the fourth type of abbreviations known as Acronyms. Acronyms are Initialisms that have become words in their own rights, or similar words formed from parts of several words. Acronyms are pronounced as several words rather than as a series of letters, and do not have periods. In many cases the Acronyms became the standard term and the full form is only used in explanatory contexts (World English Dictionary. 2009). For example, UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). To sum up, the abbreviations mean reduction or reduced form of a word or phrase. There are four types of reduction known as Shortenings, Contractions, Initialisms and Acronyms. All these types are highly used and can be found in newspapers and magazines of different subjects. reductions in use and their meanings All the examples were taken from different articles, magazines or newspapers. Abbreviations used in political articles: Shortenings: MP Member of Parliament (Governmental) FT Future Technology; Foreign Talent (US Government) BIS Bureau of Industry and Security (US Government) DCMS Department of Culture, Media and Sport (Governmental); Disaster Credit Management System (Us Government); DWP Deluxe Weapons Pack (Governmental>>Military) The same Abbreviations used in articles of different categories (Economics, Culture, Computing, Community, Medicine, etc.) Shortenings: MP Media Player (Community); Military Police (Law); Market Place (Business); Melting Point (Academic and Science). FT Full Time (Business); Football Team (Community); Field Trip (Academic and Science). BIS Bank for International Settlement (Business); Bismuth (Medicine); Business Information System (Computing); Building Industry Show (Academic and Science). DCMS Duval Country Medical Society (Medicine); Dartmouth Community Medical School (Academic and Science); Data Collection Management System (Computing); Derivatives Collateral Management Service (Business). DWP Department of Water and Power (Community); Dispensing Well Plate (Academic and Science). Contractions: Plane = Airplane Phone = Telephone Bus = Omnibus Ad = Advertisement Mag. = Magistrate; Magazine Initialisms: Abbreviations used in political articles: SIA or S.I.A. Secretariat for Industrial Assistance (Governmental) CIA or C.I.A. Central Intelligence Agency (Governmental) The same Abbreviations used in different categories: Initialisms: SIA or S.I.A. Semiconductor Industry Association (Academic and Science); Securities Industry Association (Business); Special Instructional Assistance (Community). CIA or C.I.A. Certified Internal Auditor (Business); Caught In the Act (Law); Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (Community); Curriculum Instruction and Assessment (Academic and Science); Chemotherapy Induced Alopecia (Medicine). Acronyms: NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization UN The United Nations EU The European Union Overall, all articles which were used for the research showed that a great number of abbreviations are used there. As it is seen, abbreviations are highly welcomed in newspapers style and not only one type of abbreviations but all of the four types. Almost each article which was examined has included at least one reduced form. CONCLUSION Summarizing all, the hypothesis was approved. The abbreviations are common feature for newspaper style and are highly used in articles. It is convenient for newspaper language to use reduced forms of the words in order to avoid the full name of the subjects which can length as the long sentence. Meanwhile the same abbreviations have different meanings due to the categories where they are used. theses Abbreviation means reduction or reduced form of a word or phrase There are four types of Abbreviations: Shortenings, Contractions, Initialisms, Acronyms The meaning of Abbreviation depends on the category of language Abbreviation is a common feature in newspapers style